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1. The front paws of your cat – 5 “fingers” on the rear – four.

2. Unless your cat is polydactyl, which means that it has extra pads. In Boston, for example, polydactyl cats are called “Boston. ”

3. In Egypt, cats were used to protect crops from rats and other pests.

4. Then the cat was a sacred animal in Egypt, and their bodies mummified after deat.

5. Taste buds cats do not take sugar, so that cats do not know what is sweet.

6. Originally trays for cats covered with sand, but in 1948 found that the clay absorbs more.

7. The door for cats in doors invented Isaac Newton.

8. Cats are able to see all at one-sixth the level of coverage needed to man.

9. Among the world leaders had a lot of “kotonenavistnikov”, for example – Dwight David Eisenhower, and Hitler. There were also fans of these furry lumps – Robert E. Lee and Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln, by the way, holding the White House four cats.

10. Your cat Murch on the same frequency as the diesel engine at idle (about 26 “rumbling” in the second).

11. Your cat can hear ultrasound. Rodents use ultrasound for communication. Your cat hears it, and the dog and man – no.

12. With whiskers cat can determine whether she can crawl into a hole or not. Moreover, the clavicle in the cat is not connected to other bones that gives your cat to easily squeeze into tight spaces.

13. Cat Murch constantly flowing air through the glottis during inhalation and exhalation.

14. Without taurine, cats can go blind. Taurine – an amino acid that most of the animal produces itself. However, some of it is needed in the diet. Do not worry, this stuff is in any cat food.

15. As a child of Nikola Tesla wanted to know the laws of electricity after it shocked the static electricity from your beloved cat Monkey.

Rarely can be met and all black leopards. Such leopards often called a black panther. In fact, this same animal is simply a different color of the body. If a bright black panther, then on its skin can be seen pyatnistost.Chernye Panthers can mate with a leopard, while the offspring is obtained with different color skin, but in about equal proportions.

Leopards have a very flexible and graceful figure. Small round head, slender legs, long tail – the very embodiment of elegance leopard. A sharp claws and fangs make the animal one of the most dangerous predators.

Leopard, even with a load in his mouth, exceeding its own weight, can escape easily. You would think that in the jaws of a predator is not deer weighing several tens of kilograms, but only a rabbit. With production in the teeth of the leopard can jump in two-three-meter height.

Also great predator climbs trees and can develop a breath-taking speed up to 18 (!!!) feet per second.

Lion, tiger, leopard and jaguar are the closest relatives to each other. Relationship between the animals so close, that between them are possible hybrid crosses. Together, the four predators of this elite family cat.

Although the leopard and lion and tiger is inferior in size, but in the dexterity and speed far superior to these predators. Leopard feels great both on the ground and sitting on a branch of a tall tree. The reaction of the beast just excellent, traffic at lightning speed. Many believe that it is Leopard the most sophisticated hunters in the cat family.

Inhabit these predatory cats in the tropics and subtropics. Leopards are widely distributed throughout Africa and Asia. In Russia, this predator is rare, mainly in the Caucasus. The aforementioned black panthers are most common in Southeast Asia (the island of Java). Settle leopards in tropical and subtropical forests. Prefer to stay in the bushes and between rocks in the mountains.

Successful hunt, leopard hides the remains of prey in reserve. Hungry predators afford to eat a medium-sized deer somewhere for two days, but usually the meal stretches over a longer time. Do not shun the leopard eat up the remains and when they start to begin to rot.

It is worth noting that finding half-eaten by another predator of the carcass, which is lay a few days, the leopard did not touch her, but his “moldy stuff” the beast is not squeamish! Leopards like to trapeznichat Nestled in the trees. Here predator no one can prevent the start to the meal.

Thanks to their skills climbing leopards real storm monkeys. Seeing a spotted cat in the forest, monkeys and chimpanzees raised an incredible racket.

Annually, in January of leopards rut begins, and predators are kept in pairs. Males at this time become very aggressive and often fight among themselves. Leopards, compared to lions and tigers, are approximate spouses.

Females produce a litter of three cubs. In the education of male brood almost does not participate, but keeps close, and periodically visits the female with cubs. The first year or two cubs are kept with the mother. At this time the female is very jealously and carefully raises her kids.

]]> http://www.pluspets.net/interesting-facts-leopards/feed/ 0 http://www.pluspets.net/sun-bear-pet/ http://www.pluspets.net/sun-bear-pet/#comments Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:36:04 +0000 Plus Pets http://www.pluspets.net/?p=614 The Sun Bear  is a bear found primarily in the tropical rain forests of Southeast Asia.

The Sun Bear stands approximately 1.2 m (4 ft) in length, making it the smallest member in the bear (Ursidae) family. Males tend to be 10-45% larger than females;  the former normally weigh between 30 and 60 kg, and the latter between 20 and 40 kg.  The Sun Bear possesses sickle-shaped claws that are relatively light in weight. It has large paws  with naked soles, probably to assist in climbing. Its inward-turned feet make the bear’s walk pigeon toed, but it is an excellent climber. It has small, round ears and a stout snout. The tail is 1.2-2.8 inches (3-7 cm) long.  Despite its small size, the Sun Bear possesses a very long, slender tongue, ranging from 8 to 10 inches (20-25 cm) in length. The bear uses it to extract honey from beehives.

Unlike other bears, the Sun Bear’s fur is short and sleek. This adaptation is probably due to the lowland climates it inhabits. Dark black or brown-black fur covers its body, except on the chest, where there is a pale orange-yellow marking in the shape of a horseshoe. Similar colored fur can be found around the muzzle and the eyes. These distinctive markings give the Sun Bear its name.

The diet of the Sun Bear varies widely and includes small vertebrates, such as lizards, birds, and other mammals, in addition to fruits, eggs, termites, the young tips of palm trees, nests of bees, berries, sprouts, insects, roots, cocoa, and coconuts. Its powerful jaws can crack open nuts. Much of the Sun Bear’s food must be detected using its keen sense of smell, as its sight is poor.

The Sun Bear does not hibernate, and, as a result, it can reproduce year-round. The offspring reach se*ual maturity after 3-4 years and may live up to 30 years in captivity. A female Sun Bear can produce 1 to 2 cubs per year. Sun Bears undergo a roughly 96 day gestation period after which the 300 to 400g cub is born blind and hairless. The cub is initially totally dependent on its mother and suckling can continue for about 18 months. After 1 to 3 months, the young cub can run, play and forage near its mother. Male Sun Bears grow larger than females. Females are observed to mate at about 3 years. During time of mating, the Sun Bear will show behavior like hugging, mock fighting and head bobbing with its mate.

Being a primarily nocturnal creature, the Sun Bear tends to rest during the day on lower limbs not far above the ground. Because it spends so much time in trees, the Sun Bear can sometimes cause damage to private property. It has been known to destroy coconut palms and cacao trees on plantations.

Adult Sun Bears have almost no predators except humans, due to their fierce reputation and formidable teeth.  Occasionally, they may be overwhelmed by tigers, or large reticulated pythons. Other possible predators include the leopard, the clouded leopard, and the Sun Bear’s larger sympatric relative, the Asiatic Black Bear.  The bear’s loose skin on its neck allows it to wriggle its body inside its skin far enough to turn around and bite its attacker when grabbed.

The recent decline in the Sun Bear population can be largely attributed to the hunting of “nuisance bears” that destroy crops and widespread poaching driven by the market for their fur and for their bile, which is used in Chinese medicine.Sometimes, Sun Bears are captured or bred to be domestic pets–a role for which they are considered desirable, due to their relatively inoffensive nature and small size in comparison with other bears.The IUCN reclassified the Sun Bear from “data deficient” to “vulnerable” status in 2007.

Basic training

Most dogs, no matter their eventual advanced training or intended purpose, live with people who want them to behave in ways that make them pleasant to be around, keep them safe, and provides for the safety of other people and pets. Dogs do not figure out basic obedience on their own; they must be trained.

The hardest part of training is communicating with the dog in a humane way that the dog understands. However, the underlying principle of all communication is simple: reward desired behavior while correcting undesired behavior.

Basic pet obedience training usually consists of six behaviors:

• Sit
• Down
• Stay
• Recall (“come”, “here” or “in”)
• Close (or loose-leash walking)
• Heel

“Corrections” should never include harmful physical force or violence. Using force while training is controversial and should not be taken lightly, because even if it ends the behavior, when applied inappropriately with some dogs it may lead to a loss of drive (enthusiasm for the given task), stress, and in some cases even aggression. A handler may decide to use force, however the standard used by most trainers is the minimum amount necessary to inhibit the unwanted behavior.

Communication

Fundamentally, dog training is about communication. From the human perspective, the handler is communicating to the dog what behaviors are correct, desired, or preferred in what circumstances and what behaviors are undesirable.

A handler must understand communication from the dog. The dog can signal that he is unsure, confused, nervous, happy, excited, and so on. The emotional state of the dog is an important consideration in directing the training, as a dog that is stressed or distracted will not learn efficiently.

According to Learning Theory there are four important messages that the handler can send the dog:

Reward or release marker

Correct behavior. You have earned a reward.

Keep going signal

Correct behavior. Continue and you will earn a reward.

No reward marker

Incorrect behavior. Try something else.

Punishment marker

Incorrect behavior. You have earned punishment.

Using consistent signals or words for these messages enables the dog to understand them more quickly.

It is important to note that the dog’s reward is not the same as the reward marker. The reward marker is a signal that tells the dog that he has earned the reward. Rewards can be praise, treats, play, or anything that the dog finds rewarding. Failure to reward after the reward marker diminishes the value of the reward marker and makes training more difficult.

These messages may be communicated verbally or with nonverbal signals. Mechanical clickers are frequently used as a reward marker. Hand signals and body language also play an important part in learning for dogs. The meanings of the four signals are taught to the dog through repetition, so that he may form an association by classical conditioning so that the dog associates the punishment marker with the punishment itself. Some sources contend that the most effective marker is the human voice. (Canine Dimensions, 2008, 32)

Dogs do not generalize commands easily. A command which may work indoors might be confusing out-of-doors or in a different situation. The command will need to be re-taught in each new situation. This is sometimes called “cross-contextualization,” meaning the dog has to apply what’s been learned to many different contexts.

Reward and punishment

Most training revolves around establishing consequences for the dog’s behavior. Operant conditioning defines these following four types of consequences.

1. Positive reinforcement adds something to the situation to increase the chance of the behavior being exhibited again.
2. Negative reinforcement removes something from the situation to increase the chance of the behavior being exhibited again.
3. Positive punishment adds something to the situation to decrease the chance of the behavior being exhibited again.
4. Negative punishment removes something from the situation to decrease the chance of the behavior being exhibited again.

Most trainers claim that they use “positive training methods “. Generally, this means using reward-based training to increase good behavior rather than physical punishment to decrease bad behavior.Positive reinforcers can be anything that the dog finds rewarding – special food treats, the chance to play with a tug toy, social interaction with other dogs, or the owner’s attention. The more rewarding a dog finds a particular reinforcer, the more work he will be prepared to do in order to obtain the reinforcer. Just being happy about a dog’s accomplishment is a reward to them.Some trainers go through a process of teaching a puppy to strongly desire a particular toy, in order to make the toy a more powerful positive reinforcer for good behaviour. This process is called “building prey drive”, and is commonly used in the training of Narcotics Detection and Police Service dogs.

The goal is to produce a dog who will work independently for long periods of time, in the hopes of earning access to its special toy reward.Traditional forms of punishment is least used by modern dog trainers. A dog is generally only given this type of punishment if it is willfully disobeying the owner and owner needs to guard the dog’s safety in a serious situation. Punishment is effectively paired with teaching the dog desired behaviors, but is not a single solution, as it will make the dog fearful or unwilling to cooperate if it is not taught desired behaviors.Punishments should only be administered as appropriate for the dog’s personality, age, experience and physical and emotional condition. Some dogs may show signs of fear or anxiety with harsh verbal corrections. Other dogs may ignore a verbal reprimand. Some dogs develop an aversion or fear of water, when water is sprayed at them as an aversive

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